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1. Types and principles of flow meters
Types and principles of flow meters Flow meters are one of the important instruments in industrial measurement, used to measure the volume or mass of fluid (liquid or gas) flowing through per unit time. With the development of industrial production, there is an increasing demand for accuracy and range of flow measurement, resulting in the emergence of various types of flow meters. The following are the types and principles of flow meters classified according to measurement principles:
1. Mechanical principles Flow meters Differential pressure flow meters: Using Bernoullis theorem, the flow rate is calculated by measuring the pressure difference of the fluid before and after the throttling device. The throttling device can be an orifice plate, nozzle, etc. Rotary flowmeter: uses the force of fluid on the rotor to rotate it, and calculates the flow rate by measuring the speed or angle of the rotor. Impulse flowmeter: Using the momentum theorem, the flow rate is calculated by measuring the impact force of a fluid on an object. Turbine flowmeter: It uses the force of fluid on the turbine blades to rotate the turbine, and calculates the flow rate by measuring the speed of the turbine. Turbine flowmeter has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and fast response speed. Vortex flowmeter: uses the vortex frequency generated by the fluid after a specific shaped object (such as a vortex generator) to calculate the flow rate. Vortex flowmeter has the characteristics of wide measurement range and good stability. Positive displacement flowmeter: calculates flow rate by measuring the number of times a fluid flows through a fixed volume within a certain period of time.
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2. Electrical Principles Flow Meter Electromagnetic Flow Meter: Using Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, the flow rate is calculated by measuring the induced potential generated by the movement of a fluid in a magnetic field. Electromagnetic flow meters have the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and wide applicability, especially suitable for measuring conductive liquids. Differential capacitive flowmeter: measures flow by utilizing the influence of fluid on the capacitance between capacitor plates. Inductive flowmeter: measures flow by utilizing the influence of fluid on an inductive coil. Strain resistance flowmeter: uses the stress effect of fluid on elastic elements (such as strain gauges) to change the resistance value and measure the flow rate.
3. Acoustic principle flowmeter Ultrasonic flowmeter: measures flow rate by using the relationship between the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the fluid and the fluid flow velocity.
. Ultrasonic flow meters have the characteristics of non-contact measurement and are suitable for measuring large-diameter pipelines. Acoustic flowmeter (shock wave type): measures flow rate using shock waves generated in the fluid.Fourth, Thermal Principle Flow Meter Thermal Flow Meter: The flow rate is calculated by measuring the change in heat during the heating or cooling process of the fluid.
. Direct calorimeter flowmeter: directly measures the heat carried away by the fluid flowing through the heating element to calculate the flow rate. Indirect calorimeter flowmeter: indirectly calculates flow rate
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